The feminist peace ideology then replaces violence with empowering women through raising women’s awareness.
The women, peace, and Security (WPS) agenda is an essential framework that recognises the indispensable role of women in achieving sustainable peace and security.
With its roots in the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, adopted in the year 2000, the WPS agenda aims to address the gendered impacts of conflict, promote women’s participation in decision-making, prevent gender-based violence, and empower women in conflict-affected areas.
The importance of the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda is crucial for several reasons. Primarily, women often bear the brunt of armed conflicts and their aftermath, experiencing unique challenges and vulnerabilities. The WPS agenda seeks to address the specific gendered impacts, such as sexual violence, displacement, and limited access to resources and services. By recognising and addressing the distinctive needs of women in conflict situations, the agenda aims to promote their rights, well-being, and full participation in peacebuilding processes.
Secondly, women’s inclusion in peace and security processes is fundamental for achieving effective and sustainable outcomes. Research consistently shows that peace agreements and policies formulated through active engagement of women are more likely to be comprehensive, enduring and responsive to the needs of the entire society. The unique perspectives, insights, and skills that women contribute lead to more holistic strategies in conflict resolution and peacebuilding.
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Since the adoption of Resolution 1325, crucial achievements have been made in advancing the Women, Peace, and Security agenda. Many countries have developed national action plans and policies to implement the agenda, demonstrating a commitment to gender equality and peace. Additionally, there has been an increase in women’s involvement in peace negotiations, conflict prevention initiatives, and peacekeeping missions. Women’s leadership and activism at grassroots levels have played a pivotal role in fostering social cohesion, reconciliation, and community-based peacebuilding.
The WPS agendas has also led to escalated recognition of the impacts of conflict on women and girls, resulting in greater attention to issues such as sexual and gender-based violence, access to justice, and the needs for psychosocial support. In response, International institutions, civil society organisations, and peacebuilding actors have collaborated regarding the WPS agenda. They have been collaborating through providing resources, training, and capacity-building programmes to empower women and promote their rights in conflict-affected areas.
Despite notable progress, significant challenges persist in fully realising the Women, Peace, and Security agenda. Gender inequality, discriminatory cultural norms, and lack of women’s representation in decision-making positions continue to hinder the meaningful participation of women in peace processes. Stereotypes, bias, and resistance to gender equality often undermine efforts to address the root causes of conflicts and transform power dynamics.
Furthermore, as the conflicts and crises in the world have become increasingly complex and require comprehensive approaches that integrate humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding efforts. The WPS agenda must continue to adapt and respond to these evolving challenges, emphasizing the intersectionality of gender with other factors such as race, ethnicity, class, and religion.
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To advance the Women, Peace, and Security agenda, concerted efforts are needed at all levels. Governments must demonstrate political will and allocate resources to implement national action plans effectively. It is pivotal to invest in education, training, and capacity-building programmes that empower women as peacebuilders, leaders, and agents of change.
International institutions and civil society organisations should continue to collaborate, share best practices, and promote accountability for agenda implementation. With this purpose, Partnerships with local communities, women’s organisations, and grassroots movements are vital for fostering inclusive and sustainable peace.
Promoting gender-responsive policies, laws, and institutions is essential for addressing the root causes of conflict and violence against women. The efforts for the WPS agenda should focus on eliminating gender-based discrimination, improving access to justice, and providing comprehensive support services for survivors of violence.
The Women, Peace and Security agenda has been further reinforced by subsequent UNSCRs, including UNSCR 1820, UNSCR 1888, UNSCR 1889 and UNSCR 1960. Since then many progress have been made, however the challenges also remain. By strengthening women’s involvement, addressing gender-based violence, and addressing systemic barriers can create a more inclusive and peaceful world. Through collective action, political will, and sustained commitment, we can advance the Women, Peace, and Security agenda and build a future where women’s rights are fully respected, and lasting peace is achieved.
(Editor: Luviana Ariyanti)
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